خروج الزوجة عن الطاعة نشوز له علاج
A Wife’s Disobedience to Her Husband Is Nushuz and Has a Remedy
Translated by: Reza Ervani bin Asmanu
This article, “A Wife’s Disobedience to Her Husband Is Nushuz and Has a Remedy,” is included in the Islamic Questions and Answers Category
السؤال
Question:
حدث خلاف بيني وبين زوجتي وذلك عندما خرجنا وبصحبتنا الأطفال إلى حديقة عامة . فتركتهم في الحديقة وذهبت لشراء بعض الأشياء وأخبرتهم بأني سوف أعود بعد قليل ولكني عندما عدت وجدتها قد أخذت الاولاد ورجعت إلى المنزل دون إذني ؟ فحدث بيننا خلاف ومنذ حوالي اسبوعيين لا حديث بيننا على الإطلاق. ما حكم الشرع في الزوجة التي تتعمد عدم سماع أوامر زوجها علما بأنها كثيرا ما تخرج من المنزل بالرغم من منعي لها ؟
A disagreement occurred between my wife and me when we went with our children to a public park. I left them there while I went to buy some things and told them that I would return shortly. However, when I came back, I found that my wife had taken the children and returned home without my permission. A dispute then arose between us, and for about two weeks we have not spoken to each other at all. What is the Islamic ruling concerning a wife who deliberately refuses to obey her husband’s instructions, especially since she frequently leaves the house despite my forbidding her to do so?
الإجابــة
Answer:
الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، وعلى آله وصحبه، أما بعد:
All praise is due to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, and his Companions. To proceed:
فالأصل في الحياة الزوجية أن تقوم على التفاهم، بمعرفة كل من الزوجين ما له من الحقوق وما عليه من الواجبات، ليتحقق استقرار الأسرة، الذي هو أساس الحياة الزوجية. وجماع هذا كله أن يكون الدين هو الأساس في معاملة الزوجين أحدهما للآخر، وإلا انفرط النظام، وتشتتت الأسرة، وضاع العيال. فلا بد إذن أن يكون منطلق التصرف مرضاة رب العالمين، فلا يفسَّر التصرف من أحد الطرفين بأنه فرض قرارات.
The foundation of married life should be mutual understanding, with each spouse knowing his or her rights and responsibilities, so that family stability — which is fundamental to married life — may be achieved. The essence of all this is that religion should form the basis of how the spouses deal with one another. Otherwise, order will break down, the family may become divided, and the children may suffer. Therefore, every action should be motivated by seeking the pleasure of the Lord of the worlds, and the actions of either spouse should not be interpreted merely as an attempt to impose decisions upon the other.
ولتعلم الزوجة أن الله تعالى جعل القوامة بيد الرجل، حيث قال:
The wife should also know that Allah Most High has placed qiwamah — responsibility and leadership within the household — in the hands of the husband. Allah says:
﴿الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤]،
“Men are caretakers of women because Allah has given some of them advantages over others and because they spend from their wealth.” (Surah an-Nisa’, verse 34)
وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم:
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also said:
«لو كنت آمراً أحداً أن يسجد لأحد لأمرت المرأة أن تسجد لزوجها». رواه أحمد عن معاذ بن جبل والترمذي عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنهما بإسناد صحيح.
“If I were to command anyone to prostrate to another person, I would have commanded a woman to prostrate to her husband.” (Narrated by Imam Ahmad from Mu’adh ibn Jabal and by at-Tirmidhi from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with them both, with an authentic chain of transmission)
والمرأة إذا خرجت عن طاعة الزوج في المعروف فهي امرأة ناشز جاء الإسلام بآداب للتعامل معها، تتمثل هذه الآداب في:
أولاً: الوعظ والتذكير بالله تعالى.
ثانياً: الهجر في الفراش.
ثالثاً: الضرب غير المبرح الذي لا يكسر عظماً ولا يشين جارحة.
رابعاً: إذا لم تطع يبعث حكماً من أهله وحكماً من أهلها للإصلاح.
خامساً: الطلاق إذا تعين حلاً وهو آخر علاج، وآخر الدواء الكي.
A woman who departs from obedience to her husband in matters that are ma’ruf — good and permissible according to Islamic law — is described as nashiz. Islam sets out a number of steps for dealing with such a situation:
- Admonishing her and reminding her of Allah Most High.
- Abstaining from sharing the marital bed with her.
- Striking in a non-severe manner that does not break a bone or cause bodily injury.
- If she still does not comply, appointing an arbitrator from his family and another from her family to seek reconciliation.
- If no other solution remains, divorce may be resorted to as the final remedy.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Most High says:
﴿وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا * وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥].
“As for those women whose nushuz you fear, admonish them, leave them in their beds, and strike them. Then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them. Indeed, Allah is Most High, Most Great. And if you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will bring about harmony between them. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” (Surah an-Nisa’, verses 34–35)
وقد سبق الإجابة على حكم الناشز وعلاجها في الفتوى الأخرى هنا
The ruling concerning a nashiz wife and the remedies for this situation have previously been discussed in another fatwa here:
والله أعلم.
And Allah knows best.
Source: IslamWeb
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