براعة الاستهلال في سورة البقرة؛ عرضٌ وتحليلٌ
The Artistry of the Opening of Surah al-Baqarah: A Study and Analysis (Part Sixteen — Final)
By: Abd an-Nasir Salamah
Translated by: Reza Ervani bin Asmanu
This article, “The Artistry of the Opening of Surah al-Baqarah,” is included in the Tadabbur al Quran in English Category
عالجنا في هذه المقالة براعة الاستهلال في سورة البقرة، وظهر لنا من خلال المعالجة أن هذه الآيات الخمس الأُولى من سورة البقرة فيها من براعة الاستهلال ما لا يخفى على ذي لُبٍّ يفهم لغة القرآن ويلمُّ ببلاغته، وأن هذه الآيات قد تكون أبرعَ ما ورد في القرآن من الاستهلال نظرًا لموقع السورة من المصحف وجامعيَّتها، ولا يبعد أن تُعَدَّ سرًّا من أسرار عظمة هذه السورة، وما ورَد من الحضِّ على تعلُّمها.
In this article, we have examined bara’at al-istihlal in Surah al-Baqarah. Through this study, it has become clear that the first five verses of the surah contain a remarkable degree of artistry in their opening, something readily apparent to anyone who understands the language of the Qur’an and is acquainted with its rhetoric. These verses may represent one of the finest examples of an opening in the entire Qur’an, considering the position of Surah al-Baqarah in the Mushaf and the comprehensiveness of its contents. It is therefore not far-fetched to regard this as one of the secrets behind the greatness of the surah and the encouragement that has been given to learning it.
كما ظهر أن هذه الآيات الخمس فيها من غزارة المعاني مع قلّة الألفاظ ما يجعلها معدودةً من جوامع الكَلِم، فتكون جامعةً -بذلك- بين براعة المطلَع وسِعَة المنزَع، وأعني بذلك سعة ما يُنتزع منها من المعاني والدلالات، وأيضًا تبيّن لنا أن التناسب الواقع بين مستهلّ سورة البقرة وموضوعات القرآن يرجّح أن يكون ترتيب السورة في المصحف توقيفيًّا صادرًا عن عليمٍ حكيمٍ، وأن فواتح السور مِن أَجَلِّ مواطن التدبّر في القرآن العظيم وفهم موضوعاته، وأن علم البلاغة من أجلّ فنون العربية التي يُستعان بها على تذوّق جمال القرآن وإدراك إعجازه وإحكامه.
It has also become apparent that these five verses contain an extraordinary abundance of meanings despite the brevity of their wording, placing them among the examples of jawami’ al-kalim — concise expressions of far-reaching meaning. They thus combine bara’at al-matla’, excellence in the opening, with an extraordinary breadth of implication, by which I mean the wide range of meanings and indications that may be derived from them. We have also seen that the correspondence between the opening of Surah al-Baqarah and the themes of the Qur’an lends support to the view that the arrangement of the surah in the Mushaf is tawqifi, determined by revelation from the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. The openings of the surahs are among the most important areas for reflection upon the Noble Qur’an and for understanding its themes. The science of balaghah is likewise among the most important disciplines of the Arabic language for appreciating the beauty of the Qur’an and recognizing its miraculous nature and precise construction.
وتُوصي المقالة بضرورة الاعتناء بفواتح السور، وخواتمها أيضًا، مع النظر في التناسب الحاصل بينهما، وتوسيع البحث في مطلع البقرة من خلال تهييء مشروعٍ أكاديميٍّ يستوفي هذا الموضوع حقَّه، لا سيما في ارتباط مطلع السورة بأهل الكتاب، وكذلك أهمية العناية بفنِّ براعة الاستهلال في القرآن العظيم من خلال تناوله بمزيدٍ من الدراسة والبحث.
The article recommends giving greater attention to the openings of the surahs, as well as to their conclusions, while examining the correspondences between the two. It also recommends expanding research on the opening of Surah al-Baqarah through an academic project that gives this subject the thorough treatment it deserves, particularly with regard to the relationship between the opening of the surah and the People of the Book. Likewise, greater attention should be given to the rhetorical art of bara’at al-istihlal in the Noble Qur’an through further study and research.
وصلَّى اللهُ على سيدنا محمدٍ وعلى آله وصحبه وسلَّم.
May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Alhamdulillah, this sixteen-part article series is now complete.
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