346 Notes 60. Elie Faure, “Orient et Occident,“ Mercure de France 229 (July 1August I, 1931): 263, 264, 269, 270, 272. 61. Fermand Baldensperger, “Oi: s’affrontent l’'Orient et l’Occident intellectuels,” in Etudes d'histoire littéraire, 3rd ser, (Paris; Droz, 1939), p. 230. 62, I. A. Richards, Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definitions (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1932), p. xiv. 63. Selected Works of C. Snouck Hurgronije, ed. G. H. Bousquet and J. Schacht (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1957), p. 267. 64. H. A. R. Gibb, “Literature,” in The Legacy of islam, ed. Thomas Arnold and Alfred Guillaume (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931), p. 209. 65. The best general account of this period in political, social, economic, and cultural terns is to be found in Jacques Berque, Egypt: Imperialism and Revolution, trans. Jean Stewart (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972). 66. There is a useful account of the intellectual project informing their work in Arthur R. Evans, Jr.,ed.,On Four Modern Humanists: Hof mannsthal, Gundolf, Curtius, Kantorowicz (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970). 67. Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, ttans. Willard R. Trask (1946; reprint ed., Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968), and his Literary Language and Its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, trans. Ralph Manheim (New York: Bollingen Books, 1965). 68. Erich Auerbach, “Philology and Weltliteratur,” trans. M. and E. W. Said, Centennial Review 13, no. 1 (Winter 1969): 11. 69. Ibid, p. 17. 70. For example, in H. Stuart Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The Reconstruction of European Social Thought, 1890-1930 ({958; reprint cd., New York: Vintage Books, 1961). 71. See Anwar Abdel Malek, “Orientalism in Crisis,“ Diogenes 44 (Winter 1963): 103-40. 72. R. N. Cust, “The International Congresses of Orientalists,* Hellas 6, no. 4 (1897): 349. 73. See W. F. Wertheim, “Counter-insurgency Reseafch at the Turn of the Century—Snouck Hurgronje and the Acheh War,” Sociologische Gids 19 (September—December 1972). 74. Sylvain Lévi, “Les Parts respectives des nations occidentales dans les progrés de l’indianisme,” in Mémorial Sylvain Lévi, p. 116. 75. H. A. R. Gibb, “Louis Massignon (1882-1962),” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1962), pp. 120, 121. 76. Louis Massignon, Opera Minora, ed. Y. Moubarac (Beirut: Dar-elMaaref, 1963), 3: 114. I have used the complete bibliography of Massignon’s work by Moubarac: L’Oeuvre de Louis Massignon (Beirut: Editions du Cénacle libanais, 1972-73). 77. Massignon, “L'Occident devant !’Orient: Primauté d’une solution culturelle,” in Opera Minora, 1: 208-23. 78. Ibid., p. 169. 79. See Waatdenburg, L’islam dans le miroir de I’'Occident, pp. 147, 183, 186, 192, 211, 213. 80. Massignon, Opera Minora,