In the process of the tribal emigrations, some septs of Quda‘a reached the borders of Syria where  they  settled down. They belonged to the family of Sulaih bin Halwan, of whose offspring were the sons of
Duj‘am bin Sulaih known as Ad-Duja‘ima. Such septs of Quda‘a were used by the Byzantines in the  defence of the Byzantine borders against both Arab Bedouin raiders and the Persians, and enjoyed  autonomy for a considerable phase of time which is said to have lasted for the whole second century
A.D. One of their most famous kings was Zyiad bin Al-Habula. Their authority however came to an end  upon defeat by the Ghassanides who were consequently granted the proxy rulership over the Arabs of
Syria and had Dumat Al-Jandal as their headquarters, which lasted until the battle of Yarmuk in the  year 13 A.H. Their last king Jabala bin Al-Aihum embraced Islam during the reign of the Chief of
Believers, ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him).
RULERSHIP IN HIJAZ:
Ishmael (Peace be upon him) administered authority over Makkah as well as custodianship of the Holy
Sanctuary throughout his lifetime. Upon his death, at the age of 137, two of his sons, Nabet and
Qidar,  succeeded him. Later on, their maternal grandfather, Mudad bin ‘Amr Al-Jurhumi took over, thus  transferring rulership over Makkah to the tribe of Jurhum, preserving a venerable position, though  very  little authority for Ishmael’s sons due to their father’s exploits in building the Holy Sanctuary, a  position  they held until the decline of the tribe of Jurhum shortly before the rise of Bukhtanassar.
The political role of the ‘Adnanides had begun to gain firmer grounds in Makkah, which could be clearly  attested by the fact that upon Bukhtanassar’s first invasion of the Arabs in ‘Dhati ‘Irq’, the leader of  the
Arabs was not from Jurhum.
Upon Bukhtanassar’s second invasion in 587 B.C., however, the ‘Adnanides were frightened out to
Yemen, while Burmia An-Nabi fled to Syria with Ma‘ad, but when Bukhtanassar’s pressure lessened,
Ma‘ad returned to Makkah to find none of the tribe of Jurhum except Jursham bin Jalhamah, whose  daughter, Mu‘ana, was given to Ma‘ad as wife who, later, had a son by him named Nizar.
On account of difficult living conditions and destitution prevalent in Makkah, the tribe of Jurhum began  to ill-treat visitors of the Holy Sanctuary and extort its funds, which aroused resentment and hatred of  the ‘Adnanides (sons of Bakr bin ‘Abd Munaf bin Kinana) who, with the help of the tribe of Khuza‘a  that  had come to settle in a neighbouring area called Marr Az-Zahran, invaded Jurhum and frightened them  out of Makkah leaving rulership to Quda‘a in the middle of the second century A.D.
Upon leaving Makkah, Jurhum filled up the well of Zamzam, levelled its place and buried a great many  things in it. ‘Amr bin Al-Harith bin Mudad Al-Jurhumi was reported by Ibn Ishaq, the well-known  historian, to have buried the two gold deer together with the Black Stone as well as a lot of jewelry  and  swords in Zamzam, prior to their sorrowful escape to Yemen.
Ishmael’s epoch is estimated to have lasted for twenty centuries B.C., which means that Jurhum  stayed  in Makkah for twenty-one centuries and held rulership there for about twenty centuries.
Upon defeat of Jurhum, the tribe of Khuza‘a monopolized rulership over Makkah. Mudar tribes,  however, enjoyed three privileges:
The First: Leading pilgrims from ‘Arafat to Muzdalifah and then from Mina to the ‘Aqabah Stoning
Pillar. This was the authority of the family of Al-Ghawth bin Murra, one of the septs of Elias bin
Mudar, who were called ‘Sofa’. This privilege meant that the pilgrims were not allowed to throw  stones at Al-‘Aqabah until one of the ‘Sofa’ men did that. When they had finished stoning and  wanted to leave the valley of Mina, ‘Sofa’ men stood on the two sides of Al-‘Aqabah and nobody  would pass that position until the men of ‘Sofa’ passed and cleared the way for the pilgrims.
When Sofa perished, the family of Sa‘d bin Zaid Manat from Tamim tribe took over.
The Second: Al-Ifadah (leaving for Mina after Muzdalifah) on sacrifice morning, and this was the  responsibility of the family of Adwan.
The Third: Deferment of the sacred months, and this was the responsibility of the family of
Tamim bin ‘Adi from Bani Kinana.
Khuza‘a’s reign in Makkah lasted for three hundred years, during which, the ‘Adnanides spread all over
Najd and the sides of Bahrain and Iraq, while small septs of Quraish remained on the sides of Makkah;  they were Haloul, Harum and some families of Kinana. They enjoyed no privileges in Makkah or in the