Reached Puberty But Did Not Fast Ramadan Obligatory to Qadha

من أفطر في رمضان وكان بالغا فعليه القضاء

Reached Puberty But Did Not Fast Ramadan, Obligatory to Make Up (Qadha)

Translation : Reza Ervani bin Asmanu

The article Reached Puberty But Did Not Fast Ramadan, Obligatory to Make Up (Qadha) is included in the Category Islamic Question and Answer

السؤال:

Question:

السلام عليكم..أنا أبلغ من العمر سبعة عشر عاما ولم أكمل صيام شهر رمضان… فماذا أفعل؟

Assalamu’alaikum. I am seventeen years old and did not complete the fasting of the month of Ramadan… what should I do?

الإجابــة:

Answer :

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وعلى آله وصحبه أما بعد: 

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, and his companions. To proceed:

فقد جعل الشارع البلوغ أمارة على كمال العقل لأن الاطلاع على أول كمال العقل متعذر فأقيم البلوغ مقامه، وللبلوغ علامات:

The Lawgiver has made puberty a sign of the perfection of intellect, because determining the exact onset of the perfection of intellect is difficult, so puberty was established in its place. Puberty has several signs:

الأولى: الاحتلام وذلك بخروج المني من الرجل or من المرأة في يقظة أو نوم لقوله تعالى:

First: Al-Ihtilam (nocturnal emission), which is the discharge of semen from a man or a woman, whether awake or asleep, based on the word of Allah the Almighty:

( وإذا بلغ الأطفال منكم الحلم…) [النور: ٥٩].

“And when the children among you reach puberty…” [An-Nur: 59].

الثانية: الإنبات وهو: ظهور شعر خشن على العانة فإذا لم تظهر إحدى هاتين العلامتين يرجع بعد ذلك إلى العلامة الثالثة وهي البلوغ بالسن، وقد اختلف العلماء في منتهاه: ف

Second: Al-Inbat, which is the appearance of coarse hair around the pubic area. If neither of these two signs appears, then it refers back to the third sign, which is puberty based on age. The scholars have differed regarding its limit:

يرى الشافعية والحنابلة أن البلوغ بالسن يكون بتمام خمس عشرة سنة قمرية للذكر والأنثى ، وهو قول في مذهب مالك ، لخبر ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قال :

The Shafi’i and Hanbali schools hold that puberty based on age occurs upon the completion of fifteen lunar years for both males and females, and this is one of the opinions in the Maliki school, based on the report of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), who said:

” عرضت على النبي ِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ َوأناَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَلَمْ يُجِزْنِي ولم يرني بلغت ، وعرضت عليه يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَجَازَنِي ورآني بلغت” متفق عليه.

“I was presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the day of Uhud when I was fourteen years old, but he did not permit me (to fight) and did not consider me to have reached puberty. Then I was presented to him on the day of Khandaq when I was fifteen years old, and he permitted me and considered me to have reached puberty.” (Agreed upon).

ويرى أبو حنيفة أن البلوغ بالسن يكون بثماني عشرة سنة للذكور وسبعة عشرة سنة للإناث. ودليل ذلك قوله تعالى:

Abu Hanifah is of the opinion that puberty based on age is eighteen years for males and seventeen years for females. The evidence for this is the word of Allah the Almighty:

( ولا تقربوا مال اليتيم إلا بالتي هي أحسن حتى يبلغ أشده) [الإسراء:٣٤]

“And do not approach the orphan’s property except in a way that is best until he reaches maturity (ashuddahu).” [Al-Isra: 34].

قال ابن عباس: الأشد: ثماني عشرة سنة. قالوا: الأنثى أسرع بلوغاً فنقصت سنة.

Ibn Abbas said: “Al-Ashudd” is eighteen years. They (the Hanafi scholars) argued: Females reach puberty faster, so the age is reduced by one year.

وعلى هذا فالذي يظهر والله أعلم هو أن قضاء رمضان واجب عليك لأنك إن كنت قد احتلمت أو نبت لك شعر خشن فالأمر واضح ووجوب القضاء عليك مجمع عليه، 

Based on this, what is apparent—and Allah knows best—is that making up for Ramadan (qadha) is obligatory for you. This is because if you have experienced a nocturnal emission or coarse hair has grown, then the matter is clear and the obligation of qadha for you is a matter of consensus (ijma’).

وإن كنت لم تحتلم ولم ينبت لك شعر فبلوغك سن الخامسة عشرة كاف في التكليف فالأخذ به أحوط لأنه هو مذهب الشافعي وأحمد ورواية عن مالك ، كما تقدم، ولأن الدليل فيه قوي وهو حديث ابن عمر الثابت في الصحيح وقد تقدم.

However, if you have not had a nocturnal emission and hair has not grown, then reaching the age of fifteen is sufficient to establish religious responsibility (taklif). Adopting this view is more cautious (ahwath) as it is the school of Shafi’i, Ahmad, and a narration from Malik as previously mentioned, and because the evidence for it is strong, namely the hadith of Ibn Umar established in the Sahih collections.

إذا تقرر هذا وكان إفطارك بسبب جماع في نهار رمضان فيلزمك مع القضاء الكفارة، وإن كان بغير ذلك وتعمدت فلا يلزمك إلا التوبة والقضاء، وإن كنت قد أفطرت لعذر فلا يلزمك إلا القضاء فقط. 

If this is established: if your breaking of the fast was due to sexual intercourse during the day in Ramadan, then you must make up the fast along with paying an expiation (kaffarah). If it was due to something else and was intentional, then you only need to repent and make up the fast. If you broke the fast due to a valid excuse, then you only need to make up the fast.

وإذا أخرت هذا القضاء حتى جاء عليك رمضان الثاني فيلزمك مع القضاء كفارة التأخير، وهي إطعام مسكين عن كل يوم أخرت قضاءه لغير عذر. والله أعلم.

And if you delayed this qadha until the next Ramadan arrived, then you must make up the fast along with a penalty for delay (kaffarah at-ta’khir), which is feeding a poor person for every day you delayed the qadha without a valid excuse. And Allah knows best.

Source : IslamWeb