“In the distant future I see”: Darwin 2009 [1859], p. 488. Darwin himself followed up on his own prediction in The Descent of Man, published in 1871, and in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published the following year. Current developments in evolutionary psychology can be seen as descendants of these pioneering efforts.

“We thus learn that man”: Darwin 1981 [1871]. A dozen years following The Origin, Darwin became confident enough to broaden his theory of evolution to include humans—an issue he tried to skirt in The Origin. There is very little doubt that the outcry against Darwinism would have been much less pronounced had evolution not applied to humans. Darwin’s ideas in The Descent have inspired tireless efforts by many members of the Louis Leakey family to search for and find fossil hominids in Africa.

Darwin’s theory consists of four main pillars: There are many excellent books on evolution and natural selection, at various levels. Here are just a few that I found very helpful: Ridley 2004a is a first-class textbook. Ridley 2004b is a wonderful anthology of high-level articles, as are Hodge and Radick 2009 (on Darwin), and Ruse and Richards 2009 (on The Origin). A thought-provoking philosophical approach is Dennett 1995. An excellent review of the history of evolutionary theory is Depew and Weber 1995. Wilson 1992 is a sweeping review of biodiversity. Dawkins 1986, 2009, Carroll 2009, and Coyne 2009 are superb popular books. Pallen 2009 is a brief and extremely accessible introduction. A few very useful websites on evolution are www.evolution.berkeley.edu; www.pbs.org/evolution; and www.nationalacademies.org.evolution.

Darwin’s ideas on evolution had an older: A landmark work on the history and origins of the theory of evolution is Gould 2002. Another high-level historical review is Bowler 2009.

distinguish between microevolution: Resistances to antibiotics and to pesticides, which develop within a few years, are examples of microevolution. The origin of mammals from reptiles is an example of macroevolution. An excellent summary of macroevolution is Carroll, Grenier, and Weatherbee 2001.