344 Notes 17. For an illustrative extract from de Vattel’s work see Curtin, ed., Imperialism, pp, 42-S. 18. Cited by M. de Caix, La Syrie in Gabriel Hanotaux, Histoire des colonies frangaises, 6 vols. (Paris: Société de l'histoire nationale, 1929-33), 3: 48. 19. These details are to be found in Vernon McKay, “Colonialism in the French Geographical Movement,” Geographical Review 33, no. 2 (April 1943): 214-32. 20. Agnes Murphy, The Ideology of French Imperialism, 18!7-1881 (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1948), pp. 46, 54, 36, 45. 21. Ibid., pp. 189, 110, 136. 22. Jukka Nevakivi, Britain, France, and the Arab Middle East, 1914--1920 (London: Atbtone Press, 1969), p. 23. 23. Ibid., p. 24. 24. D. G, Hogarth, The Penetration of Arabia: A Record of the Development of Western Knowledge Concerning The Arabian Peninsula (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1904). There is a good recent book on the same subject: Robin Bidwell, Travellers in Arabia (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1976). 25. Edmond Bremond, Le Hedjaz dans la guerre mondiale (Paris: Payot, 1931), pp. 242 #. 26, Le Comte de Cressaty, Les Intéréts de la France en Syrie (Patis: Floury, 1913). 27. Rudyard Kipling, Verse (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1954), Pp. 280. 28. The themes of cxclusion and confinement in nineteenth-century culture have played an important role in Michel Foucault's work, most recently in his Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Pantheon Books, 1977), and The History of Sexuality, Volume f: An Introduction (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978). 29. The Letters of T. E. Lawrence of Arabia, ed. David Garnett (1938; reprint ed., London: Spring Books, 1964), p. 244. 30. Gertrude Bell, The Desert and the Sown {London: William Heinemann, 197), p. 244. 31. Gertrude Beil, From Her Personal Papers, 1889-1914, ed. Elizabeth Burgoyne (London: Ernest Benn, 1958), p. 204. 32. William Butler Yeats, “Byzantium,” The Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan Co., 1959), p, 244. 33. Stanley Diamond, fn Search of the Primitive: A Critique of Civilization (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1974), p. 119. 34. Sec Harry Bracken, ‘Essence, Accident and Race, Hermathena (16 (Winter 1973): pp. 81-96. 35. George Eliot, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life (1872; reprint ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1956), p. 13. 36. Lionel Trilling, Matthew Arnold (1939; reprint cd., New York: Meridian Books, 1955), p. 214. 37. See Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), p. 180, notc 55. 38. W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, ed.

Notes 345 Stanley Cook (1907; reprint ed. Oesterhout, N.B.: Anthropological Publications, 1966), pp. xiti, 241. 39. W. Robertson Smith, Lectures and Essays, ed. John Sutherland Black and George Chrystal (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1912), pp. 492-3. 40. Ibid., pp. 492, 493, 511, 500, 498-9. 41. Charles M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, 2nd ed. 2 vols. (New York: Random House, n.d.),