350 Notes 1969) and its typical conclusion that “the concrete problem-solving approach is conspicuously absent from Arab thought” (p. 29). In a review-essay for the Journal of Interdisciplinary History (see note 124 above), Roger Owen attacks the very notion of “Islam” as a concept for the study of history. His focus is The Cambridge History of Islam, which, he finds, in certain ways perpetuates an idea of Islam (to be found in such writers as Carl Becker and Max Weber) “defined essentially as a religious, feudal, and antirational system, [that] lacked the necessary characteristics which had made European progress possible.” For a sustained proof of Weber's total tnaccuracy, see Maxime Rodinson’s /slam and Capitalism, trans. Brian Pearce (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974), pp. 76-17. 138. Hamady, Character and Temperament, p. 197, 139. Berger, Arab World, p. 102. 140. Quoted by Irene Gendzier in Frantz Fanon; A Critical Study (New York: Pantheon Books, 1973), p. 94. 141. Berger, Arab World, p. 151. 142. P. J. Vatikiotis, ed., Revolution in the Middle East, and Other Case Studies; proceedings of a seminar (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1972), pp. 8-9. i 143. Ibid., pp. 12, 13. 144. Bernard Lewis, “Islamic Concepts of Revolution,” in ibid. pp. 33, 38-9. Lewis's study Race and Color in Islam (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) expresses similar disaffection with an air of great learning; more explicitly political—but no less acid—is his /slam in History: Ideas, Men and Events in the Middle East (London: Alcove Press, 1973). 145. Bernard Lewis, “The Revolt of Islam,” in The Middle East and The West (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964), p. 95. 146. Bernard Lewis, “The Return of Isiam,” Commentary, January 1976, p. 44. 147. Ibid., p. 40. 148. Bernard Lewis, History—-Remembered, Recovered, Invented (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975), p. 68. 149. Lewis, /slam in History, p. 65. 150, Lewis, The Middle East andthe West, pp. 6@, 87. 151. Lewis, /slar in History, pp. 65-6. 152. Originatly published tn Middle East Journal 5 (1951). Collected in Readings in Arab Middle Eastern Societies and Cultures, ed. Abdulla Lutfiyye and Charles W, Churchitl (The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1970), pp. 688--703. 153. Lewis, The Middle East and the West, p. 140. 154. Robert K. Merton, “The Perspectives of Insiders and Outsiders,” in his The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, ed. Norman W. Storer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 99136. 155. See, for example, the recent work of Anwar Abdel Malek, Yves Lacoste, and the authors of essays published in Review of Middle East Studies