352 Arabs—continued on, 235-7; social sciences on, 108, 288-93, 320-1. See also Islam, Near Orient Arabs in American Textbooks, The, 287, 347 Arberry, A. J., 78, 333, 340, 341 Archaeology of Knowledge, The (Foucault), 3, 337, 342 area studies, 2, 53, 106-7, 255, 275-— 276, 296, 300, 325 “Area Studies Reconsidered” (Gibb), 106,275, 331, 335 Arendt, Hannah, 240, 344, 345 Arianism, 63, 65, 76 Ariosto, Lodovico, 63 Aristotle, 69 Arnaldez, Roger, 266 Arnold, Matthew, 14, 145, 227, 228 Arnold, Thomas, 224, 346 Aryans, 99, 206, 232,233, 262, 268, 271-2 ~ Asiaand Western Dominance (Panikkar), 5, 329 Asiatic Soctety of Bengal, 78 Assad, Thomas J., 195. 343 Atala (Chatcaubriand), 174, 178 Athens, 54, 56, 57, 171, 183 Attitudes Towards Jewish Statehood in the Arab World (Alroy), 307 Auerbach, Erich. 258-9, 260, 26!, 262, 346 Avenir de lascience, L’ (Renan), 132-3, 145, 337, 338, 339 Averroés, 69, 70, 104 Avesta, 76-7. See also Zend-Avesta Avestan (language), 51, 76-7 Avicenna, 69,.70 Bacchae. The (Euripides), 56-7, 332 Bachelard, Gaston. 54-5, 331 Bacon, Roger, 71 Badaliya Sodality, 267 Baldensperger, Fernand. 253, 346 Balfour, Arthur James, Lord, 31-6, 38, 39, 40, 46, 47, 49, 78, 92, 95, 96, 105, 244, 25 1. 306, 330 Balfour Declaration, 294, 316-17, 348 Ballanche, Pierre Simon, 147 Baizac, Honoré de, 13, 131, 139, 144, 337, 338, 339 Bandung Conference, 104. 304 Barbary pirates, 290, 294 Baring, Evelyn’ see Cromer Barrés, Maurice, 99, 244-5, 345 Barthes, Roland. 273, 308, 349 Baudelaire, Charles, 180 Baudet, Henri, 75, 333, 334 Index Becker, Car! Heinrich, 18, 103, 104, 209, 296, 335, 350 Beckford, William, 22, 101, 118 Bede, 61,71 Béguin, Albert, 100 Beirut, 1, 183 Bell, Gertrude, 197, 224, 225, 229231, 235,237, 238,246,344 Benjamin, Walter, 13, 51, 329 Bentham, Jeremy, 214 Berger, Morroe, 288-90, 310, 311, 335, 348, 349, 350 Bergson, Henri, 31, 266 Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 70, 333, 336 Berque, Jacques, 266, 270, 326-7, 346,350 Bertrand, Comte Henri Gratien, 81 Bevan, Anthony, 224 Bhagavad-Gita, 78 Bible, 93; and 18th-century secularization, 120, 135-6; as Orientalist province, 4, 63, 65, 76-7, 177; and pilgrimage idea, 168, 174; and Romantic idea of regeneration, 114-15; and Western involvement with Near Orient, 58, 74, 170, 260 Biblical scholarship, impulse toward Orientalism of, 17, 18, 51, 76-7, 170. 202, 290 Bibliothéque orientale (d’Herbelot), 63-7, 71, 72, 75, 332 “Biological View of Our Foreign Policy, A” (Michel}, 233 biology: and politics, 312-13; and raciai classification, 206-7, 231-3; typesin, 119, 143-4, 231, 339 Biology of British Politics, The (Harvey), 233 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 119 Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen, 195, 237, 330 Bopp, Franz, 18.98, 115, 133, 135, 136, 139, 232 Bordeaux, Henri, 170, 341 Borges, Jorge Luis, 266 Bornier, Vicomte Henri de, 90 Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, 124, 125 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, 117 Bounoure, Gabriel, 266 Bouvard et Pécuchet (Flaubert), 113-16, 121, #33, 177, 189, 335 Bracken, Harry, 13, 329, 344 Brahma, 150 Brahmanism, 76 Bremond, Edmond, 225, 344 Britain: colonia! philosophy of, 212213, 214-15, 270; occupation of Egypt, Il, (7, 19, 31-9, 88, 211212, 223-4, 253, 257, 330; Ortentalist school contrasted with

Index French, 225, 244, 264-6; priority in Orientalism, 1, 17, 19, 60, 7779,98, 158-64, 176, 194-7, 224, 228-31, 234-44, 246, 264,274284,296, 302-5 Brockelmann, Carl, 18 Broglie, Achille-Charies-LéonceVictor, Duc de, 124, 127, 336 Brosses, Charles de, 117 Browne, Edward Granville, 224 Browning, Robert, 18 Bruneau, Jean, 180, 181, 342 Brunetiérc, Vincent de Paul-MarieFerdinand, 257 Buchan, John, 251 Buddhism, 120, 232, 259 Bufton, Comte Georges-Louis Leclerc de, 87, 119 Bunsen Committee, 220 Burchard of Mount Syon, 73 Burckhardt, Jacob, 95, 160, 208 Burke, Edmund, 77 Burnouf, Eugéne, 98, 99, 133 Burton, Sir Richard, 19,23,51, 88, 99, 102, 193, 223, 235, 286, 343; absorbs Oriental systems of behavior and belief, 195-6; coexistence of individualism and imPeiialism in, 195, 196, 197, 224, 246; combativeness of, 194, 196; contrasted with Lane, 159, 170-1, 194: intermediate between Orientalist objectivity and personal aesthetic, 158, 159, 171, 194; Orient defined by materiai possession, 169,210: as scholar, 194, 196: and sexuality of Orient, 190 Butor, Michel, 183, 342 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 22, 31, 99, 101, 118, 167, 192 Byzantium, 76, 192 “Byzantium” (Yeats), 230, 344 Cabanis, Pierre-Jean-Georges, 114 Cabet, Etienne, 114 Caesar, Jutius, 57, 85 Cagliostro, Count Alessandro di, 88, 152 Cahiers du mois, Les, 250 Cairo, 82, 102, t70, 182, 183, 194, 224, 295, 316-17 Calila and Dumna, 126 Caliphate, Its Rise, Decline and Fall, The (Muir), 151 Caliphate of Cordova, 3:5 caliphates, Arabian, 74, 281, 302-3 Cambridge History of Islam, The (ed. Holt, Lambton, and Lewis), 63, 109, 284, 302-5, 332, 348-9 353 Campagnes d Egypte et de Syrie, 1798-1799 (Napoleon), 81, 333 Camus, Albert, 312-13 Candide (Voltaire), 92 Carlyle, Thomas, 14, 95, 152, 228, 340 Carnets de Voyage (Flaubert), 181 Carthage, 171, 175, 177, 185 Cassirer, Ernst, 147, 340 Catafago, Joseph, 170 Caussin de Perceval, Armand-Pierre, 147, 151-2,231, 246, 340 Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne, Lord Salisbury, 31, 41 Center for Middle Eastern Studies (Harvard), 106, 275,296 Centenary Volume of the Royal Asiatic Society (ed. Pargiter), 79, 333,341 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 63, 2 Chaldeans (sect), 220 Champoilion, Jean-Frangois, 18, 121, 137, 140, 170 Chanson de Roland, 61, 63, 71 Chapters on the Principles of International Law (Westlake), 206-7 Charles-Roux, F. J., 87 Charmes, Gabriel, 219 Chateaubriand, Fran¢ois-René, Vicomte de, 1, 19, 81, 88, 99, 100, 115, 136, 181, 193, 341; and citationary nature of Orientalism, 176-7; exemplifies personal aesthetic in Orientalism, 169, 170171, 173, 175, 176; in Jerusalem, 174; justifies conquest of Orient, 172; and Lamartine, 178, 179; selfcompletion in Orient, 171, 173 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 31 Chew, Samuel, 60, 332 rca University of, 105, 252, 2 Chiméres, Les (Nervat), 181 China, 1,9, 17,42,46, 51, 59, 62, 73, 90, 108, 117, 118, 120, 139, 165,251, 254, 264, 285, 294 Chirol, Valentine, 252-3, 345 Chomsky, Noam, 11, 329, 348, 350 Chrestomathie arabe (Sacy), 8, 126, 128--9, 284, 337 Christianity: exigencies of , and Orientalism, 67, 91; and imperialism, 100, 319; importance of Semitic languages to, 74; Lamartine and, 178: Massignon and, 104, 209, 246, 264, 266, 268-9, 270, 271, 272; medieval image of Islam, 5963; minorities in East, 191, 217,