364 Oxford University, 50, 53, 76, 213, 275,323 Ozanam, Antoine-Frédéric, 147 Pakistan, 210, 285, 304 Palestine, 25-8, 101, 109, 172, 177, 178, 192, 251, 270, 286, 294, 306, 318 Palgrave, William Gifford, 197 Palmer, Edward Henry, 99, 196-7, 223 Panikkar, K. M., §, 329 Paraceisus, Philippus Aureolus, 19 Paris, 17, 19, 50, 51, 77, 98, 220, 225, 261 Passage to India, A (Forster), 244, 345 Patai, Raphael, 308-9, 311, 382, 349 Peau de Chagrin, La (Balzac), 139, 338 Peloponnesian War, 57 Penetration of*Arabia, The (Hogarth), 224, 344 Persia, 17, 18, 59,75, 76, 77, 305 Persian (language}, 64, 77, 78, 83, 98 Persians, The (Aeschylus), 21, 56, 332 Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to al-Madinah and Meccah (Burton), 88, 158, 193, 196,343 Peter the Venerable, 71 Peters, Car], 207 Philby, Harry St. John Bridges, 197, 224, 235, 237, 246 philology: and biological “degradation of types,” 143-5; central to modern knowledge, 132-3; comparative discipline, 117, 130, 132, 140, 142, $43, $52; discovers human phenomenon of language, 135-6; Jones’s contribution to, 78-9, 98; Nietzsche on, 131-2; racial concomitant of , 99, 133-4, 141-2, 145-6, 148, 150.227,231234; revitalized in interwar years, 258, 261, 262; revolution in, 98, 152; scientific character of, 22, 40, 75,98, 99, 121, 122, 130, 131, 132-3, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142, 146~8, 149, 150, 339; strategic formation within Orientalism, 20, 52, 98; weak position in American Orientalism, 291, 320-1 “Philology and Weltliteratur™ (Auerbach, trans. M. and £. W. Said), 346 Philosophie anatomique (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), 144, 339, 340 Index Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, The (Gilson), 254 Pickering, John, 294 Pickthall, Mannaduke William, 252 Picot, Georges, 220 Piranesi, Giambattista, 118 Pirenne, Henti, 70-1, 333 Pitt, Withiam, 77 Pius II, Pope, 61 Plato, 69, 84, 85 Pliny, 261 Pockoke, Edward, 65 Poema del Cid, 63, 71 Poliakov, Léon, 99, 334 political knowedge, 9-11; bearing on literature and culture, 12, 14-15, 24;in Orientalism, 11, 32, 35, 36, 38-41, 43, 45, 53, 60, 81, 84-7, 92, 94-7, 110, 169, 195, 197, 204, 210, 230, 294, 299, 3°46, 318, 327 Polk, Wifliam, 274-5, 34., 347 Polo, Marco, 58 Pope, Alexander, 31,45 Portugal, I, 17,73,75 Postel, Guiltaume, 51, 65 Pound, Ezra, 252 Poussin, Nicolas, 178 Praz, Mario, 180, 341 Prester John, 63 Prideaux, Humphrey, 72 Princeton University, 53, 285, 288, 296, 349 Principes de grammaire générale (Sacy}, 125, 126 Prison Notebooks, The (Gramsci), 25, 329-30 Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 306 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 114 Proust, Marcei, 145, 293, 348 Pudney, John, 334 Pythagoras, 84, 85 Qazzaz, Ayadal-, 347 Quatremére, Etienne-Marc, 139, 170, 338 Quinet, Edgar, 42, 75, 79, 113, 137, 138, 147, 180,270, 331, 333 racial theory: adopted by latent Orientalism, 206-7; and Arab Palestinian in West, 27, 285-7, of Balfour, 34—5, 36; biological bases of, 206, 231—3; in classical world, 57; corcomitant of comparative linguistics, 99, 148, 231-2;o0f Cromer, 36-9; and !8th-century classification into types, 119, 120, and empiricism, 13, 232-3;

Index 365 founded in language types and prototypes, 231-4, 262; Gibb opposes, 278, invokes generality of origins, 234; in Kinglake, 193; Orientalis:n and, 7-8, 15, 22,27, 34,43, 92,96, 97, 107, 154-5, 204, 305, 306-18, 322, 325, 327, 328, 349; produces White Man, 226-8; of Renan, 8, 15, 39, 43, 99, 133-4, 141-2, 145-6, 148, 149-50, 151, (55, 170, 227, 231232, 234,289, 306, 337, 339;0f Schlege!, 98-9; studies of, 339; Trilling on, 232; and Victosian imperialism, 14, 206-7 RAND Corporation, 295, 349 Ranke, Leopold von, 95, 208, 304 Raphael, 69 regeneration: of Asia by Europe, 154, 158, 172, 206; of Europe by Asia, 113, 114, 115;in 19thcentury Romanticism, 114-5, 168 Régne animal, Le (Cuvier), 53, 206 Reinaud, Joseph, 123 Religious Attitude and Life in Istam, The (Macdonald), 247, 276, 347 Rémusat, Jean-Pierre-Abel, 99, 338 Renaissance, 7, 52, 60, 61, 72, 77, 104, 1!6, 280,303 Renaissanceorientale, La (Schwab), 16, 51, 115, 137, 329, 33, 333, 338,339 Renan, Ernest, 6. 23, 156, 157, 168, 170, 181, 193, 197, 206, 211, 222, 235, 246, 266, 277, 286, 296, 338, 340; adapts Orientalism to philology, 130-1; artificial creation of, 138, 140, 141, 145-8; and Christianity, 134-5, 138, 140, 146, 147; detail in, 5, 134; espouses antidynastic tenets of new philology. (36, 139; essentialist vicw of Islam, 105, 231-4, “laboratory” of, 139, 140, 141-3, 145-6, 148,283; on language, 138; and male conception of world, 146-7, 207, 340, and modcrr Orientalist structures, 122, 130-48, 289; and natural science, 132-3, 138-9, 14], 142, 143, 145-6, 147,232; paradoxical Positions of, 133-4, 145; on philology, 132-3, 134-5, 139, racial ideas of, 8, 15, 39, 43. 99, 133-4, 141-2, 146, 148, 149-50. 151, 155, 170, 227-8, 231-2, 234, 243, 289, 337, 339: on role of science, 140; studics Semitic languages, 43, 88, 133, 139-43, 145, 149,231-2 René (Chateaubriand), 174 Reporton Current Research (M:ddle East Institute), 292 Representative Government (Mill), 14 “Retreat from the Secular Path?” (Abu-Lughod), 335 “Return of Islam, The” (Lewis), 316, 335,350 “Réves” (Renan), t47 “Revolt of Islam, The” (Lewis), 316, 350 Revolution in the Middle East (ed. Vatikiotis), 312-13. 350 Richards,