أولاً: كتاب الطهارة

ويشتمل على عشرة أبواب

First: The Book of Purification

Article The Book of Purification is Part of Category Fiqh Muyassar in English

This includes ten chapters.

المسألة الثالثة: الماء إذا خالطته نجاسة

Third Issue: Water Contaminated with Impurities

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الماء إذا خالطته نجاسة فغيَّرت أحد أوصافه الثلاثة -ريحه، أو طعمه، أو لونه- فهو نجس بالإجماع لا يجوز استعماله، فلا يرفع الحدث، ولا يزيل الخبث -سواء كان كثيراً أو قليلاً- 

If water is contaminated with impurities that alter one of its three characteristics—its smell, taste, or color—it is unanimously considered impure (najis) and cannot be used. It does not remove ritual impurity (hadath) or physical filth (khabath), whether the water is in large or small quantities.

أما إن خالطته النجاسة ولم تغير أحد أوصافه: فإن كان كثيراً لم ينجس وتحصل الطهارة به، وأما إن كان قليلاً فينجس، ولا تحصل الطهارة به. وحدُّ الماء الكثير ما بلغ قُلتين فأكثر، والقليل ما دون ذلك.

However, if impurities mix with water but do not change any of its characteristics, then:

• If the water is in large quantity, it does not become impure and can be used for purification.
• If it is in small quantity, it becomes impure and cannot be used for purification.

The criterion for large water quantities is that it equals or exceeds two qullahs. Anything less than that is considered small.

والدليل على ذلك حديث أبي سعيد الخدري – رضي الله عنه – قال: قال رسول الله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: (إن الماء طهور لا ينجسه شيء) ، وحديث ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – قال: (إذا بلغ الماء قلتين لم يحمل الخبث) .

Evidences for this ruling:

The hadith of Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

إن الماء طهور لا ينجسه شيء 

“Water is pure and nothing makes it impure.” ¹

The hadith of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

إذا بلغ الماء قلتين لم يحمل الخبث

“If the water reaches two qullahs, it does not bear filth.” ²

1. (Narrated by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, Imam Abu Dawood in Kitab At-Taharah under the chapter “Regarding the Well of Budhaa’ah,” hadith no. 61, Imam An-Nasa’i in Kitab Al-Miyah, hadith no. 277, Imam At-Tirmidhi in Kitab At-Taharah, under the chapter “Water Does Not Become Impure by Anything,” hadith no. 66. This hadith is classified as hasan. Imam Al-Albani authenticated it in Irwaa’ Al-Ghaleel.)
2. (Narrated by Imam Ahmad, vol. 2, page 27; Imam Abu Dawood in Kitab At-Taharah, under the chapter “What Makes Water Impure,” hadith no. 63; Imam At-Tirmidhi in Kitab At-Taharah, under the chapter “Water Does Not Become Impure by Anything,” hadith no. 67; Imam An-Nasa’i in Kitab At-Taharah, hadith no. 52; and Imam Ibn Majah in Kitab At-Taharah, under the chapter “The Quantity of Water That Does Not Become Impure,” hadith no. 517, with the wording: If the water is two qullahs, nothing makes it impure. Imam Al-Albani authenticated it in Irwaa’ Al-Ghaleel.)