356 Index Europe—continued 7, 11, 14-15, 16-17, 31-9, 41, 87, 92,95, 100, 156, 190, 195, 207, 210,211-16, 217-25, 226-8, 232, 246,251, 256-7, 270,278-9; cultural hegemony, and Orientalism, 7-9, 12, 25, 86-7; cultural use of Orientalism, 3, 128, 148, 153; “day-dream” of Orient, 52-3, 73; “digests” Orient, 250-1; imaginative knowledge of Orient, 55-8, 59-67, 71-2; linguistic roots of, 78-9, 98, 136-7; metamorphosis in appropriation of East, 210-11; and minorities in East, 191; Renaissance ascendancy of, 7; representation of Orient, 1-3, 5-6, 7, 16, 20-2, 39-40, 55-7, 60-73, 86-7,98-9, 101-8, 193, 203, 2724, 283-4, 311; secularization of, 114-16, 120—3, 135-6, 138; and sexuality af East, 190, 311316; societal self-awareness of, 197; strength vis-2-vis Orient, 3, 5-6, 7, 11, 12, 25, 32-5, 40-1, 44, 45, 57, 60, 72, 78, 79, 85-8, 92, 94, 104, 108-9, 117, 141, 150, 152-3, 156, 160, 193-4, 197, 204, 226-8, 237, 246, 248-9, 309; transcendent to Orientalist “object,” 97; trauma of Islam to, 5962, 73-4; Valéry on role of, 250251. See also imperialism; Orientalism; names of countries Europocentrism, 97, 98, 108 expertise, Orientalist, 196-7, 222-5, 228-31, 235-4; activist aspect of, 238-9, 240, 242-3, 246, 253-4; on Arab politics and sexuality, 312316; collective verity of, 230, 236, 246-7; of contemporary “area expert,” 285, 290-1, 321; French contrasted with British, 244-6. See also Orientalism; scholarship, Orientalist Fabre d’Olivet, Antoine, 87 . Faisal, 270 Falanges libanaises, 303 Fashoda Incident (1898), 31 Faure, Bite, 253, 346 Faurtel, Claude, 147 Fénelon, Francois de Salignac de La Mothe-, 69 Fenollosa, Ernest Francisco, 252 Filles du feu, Les (Nerval), 180, 341 FitzGerald, Edward, 53, 193 Flandin, Etienne, 225 Flaubert, Gustave, 11,23, 94, 144, 158, 193, 197, 199, 223, 231, 244, 291, 335, 339, 342; associates Orient and sex, 188-90, 309; and assumptions of latent Orientalism, 206; on bourgeois cycle of enthusiasm and disillusionment, 113-14; detached powerlessness of, 188-9; detail in, 15, 186; on English ambitions in Egypt, 194; exemplifies imaginative genre in Orientalism, 8,53, 88, 99, 102, 157, 159, 168, 169, 170, 179-81, 184-90; independence of Orientalism, 181, 189, 191, 192; Orient answers to perversity in, 180, 184-5; Oriental revivalism of, 185; and Oriental woman, 6, 180, 186-7, 207; Orientalist constraints upon, 43, 177, 189; satirizes global and reconstructive vision, 114-16, 121, 189; search for homeland, 180; as traveler, 185-6;and “visionary alternative,” 185 Ford Foundation, 295 Forster, E. M., 99, 244, 248, 345 Foucauld, Charles de, 266 Foucault, Michel, 3, 14, 22, 23, 94, 119, 130, 135, 188, 336,338, 339, 342, 344 Fourier, Frangois-Marie.Charles, 114 Fourier, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph, 29, 84-5, 86, 334 France: colonial competition with England, 41, 76, 169, 191, 211212, 215, 217-21, 224-5, 244; Far Eastern interests influence interest in Near East, 17; geographical movement in, 217-20, 344; in India, 76; Oriental pilgrims from, 169-90; Orientalist industry in, 190-1; Orientalist tradition contrasted with England's, 225, 244, 264-6; priority in Orientalism, }, 17,19,51, 63-7, 76-7, 81, 83-8, 98, 104, 123-9, 130-48, 159-60, 165, 169-76, 177-91, 237, 244, 246, 248-50, 264-72,296; represents spirituality in Orient, 245, 264, 270-1; and Suez Canal, 88— 90. See also Napoleon I Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), 217-18 Franklin, Benjamin, 77 Franklin-Bouilion, Henry, 225 Frazer, Sir James George, 145 Fiick, Johann W., 16, 329, 331, 337, 343 Fund graben des Orients, 43

Index Galland, Antoine, 63-5, 332 Gardet, Louis, 305 Garnier, Francis, 218 Gautier, Théophile, 99, 100, 101, 180 Geertz, Clifford, 326 Génie des religions, Le (Quinet), 79, 137, 331, 333 Génie du Christianisme, Le (Chateaubriand), 174 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, 13, 86, 141, 142, 143-5, 334, 339-40 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore, 141, 144, 339-40 geography: becomes “cosmopolitan” science, 215-19, 220; “commercial,” 218; de Lesseps transcends, 88-92; and essentializing vision of Orientalism, 108, 246-7, 303, 305; form of raciat determinism, 305; imaginative and arbitrary, 54-5, 57~8, 68, 71, 73,77,95,201, 305; imperialism overcomes, 95, 210211, 213; man-made, 4-5; Orientalist elaboration of, 12, 50, 53, 64, 65, 77, 78, 86, 126, 165, 201, 215-16; and Orientatist projects, 88-92; relationship to knowledge, 53-4, 86, 216 Germany,