Index 219 Talha b. cUbayd Allah, 38 Tarkan Khatun, 162n52 Tarkanz bint cAbd Allah al-Damaghanl, 156n31 testimony ( shahada ) vs. transmission (■ riwaya ), 99, 122 al-Thawri, Sufyan, 85n64, 95, 109 theological-sectarian strife between Hanballs and Shafi‘i-Ash‘aris in Baghdad, 134, 151 between Shafi‘I-Ash‘aris and HanaflMuctazills in Nishapur, 132, 139-40, 142 theology, 131-2, 147, 152, 180 thiqa, 84, 100 Thuwayba, 34n52 tradition, as discursive, 5-6, 110, 194 traditionalism, 7-8, 146-8 endorsed by rulers, 147, 155, 160-1 modern, 146n5 unifying function of, 147, 151-2, 153, 160, 173 women’s religious participation in, 146, 148, 152, 162, 191 traditionism, 3n3 see also abl al-hadith transmission, see hadith transmission; riwaya (transmission); women’s hadith transmission travel by unaccompanied women, 103-4 al-Tulaytuli, Jumahir b. ‘Abd al-Rahman, 118 al-Tusi, Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Bakr, 131 c ulama 5 class centrality in traditionalism of, 147 culture of learning as strategy of, 138-9, 140, 141, 143 demarcation of membership in, 137 role of women in, 140-3 vis-a-vis foreign rulers, 138-9 see also Sufi-Shafbl Ash‘arism in Nishapur lulama} kinship networks facilitating women’s educational access, 128, 136, 164, 170 in Nishapur, 134—7 role of women’s learning in, 113-14, 141 ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-AzIz, 67, 104nl23 ‘Umar b. al-Khattab, 28, 31n44, 59 al-‘Umari, Ibn Fadl Allah, 161 Umayma bint Ruqayqa, 57 Umm ‘All b. ‘Abd Allah b. Hamshadh, 133 Umm al-Aswad al-Khuza‘iyya, 84 Umm Ayman (Baraka), 48, 54-5 Umm al-Darda5 al-Kubra, 70n25 Umm al-Darda5 al-Sughra, 66, 70-3, 84, 88 Umm Hablba (Ramla bint Abl Sufyan), 35, 39, 40-1, 75n47 Umm Hablba bint Dhu'ayb, 65n7 Umm al-Hakam bint al-Zubayr, 45 Umm al-Hana5 bint Muhammad alMisriyya, 181 Umm Hani5 (Fakhita bint Abl Talib), 46-7 Umm Hani5 (Mamluk period), 137n94 Umm Haram bint Milhan, 53nl24 Umm al-Hasan al-Basri, 87-8 Umm Hisham bint Haritha, 67nl2 Umm al-Husayn al-Ahmasiyya, 5 1 Umm al-Husayn al-Qurashiyya, 133 Umm Kulthum bint Abl Bakr, 33n47, 68 Umm Kulthum bint ‘All b. Abl Talib, 86n68 Umm al-Mundhir bint Qays, 45 Umm Salama, 34-8 biography of, 34-5 factional loyalties of, 38 hadith transmitted by, 25, 36-7, 75n47, 78 interaction with men by, 33, 41-2, 43 Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, 53 ‘Urwa b. al-Zubayr and ‘A’isha, 26, 27, 68 as illustrious muhaddith, 48, 68, 76, 85n64, 94-5 ‘Uthman b. Talha, 75n47 waiting period ( Hdda ), 36-7, 43, 58-9 wet nursing, 31 women as ascetics, 66, 70-4, 106, 132-4, 136, 181-2 as authors of hadith , 5, 20-1 constraints on unaccompanied travel by, 103-4 legal discernment of, 26-7, 30, 58-60, 66-8, 73-4, 181, 182 as participants in battles, 46, 55-6 testimony (shahada) of, 99, 122 as transmitters, classification of, 84, 100 unknown, as hadith transmitters, 60, 65n8, 81n61, 83-4, 100