220 Index women (cont.) as witnesses of mixed-gender events, 5 1-2 see also genders, norms governing interaction between women’s hadith transmission decline after Successor generation of, 76-84, 87-91 decline in tenth/fifteenth century of, 145, 180-1, 183-4 endorsements of, 121-2, 128, 142-3, 144-5, 162 impediments to, 93-4, 97, 99, 103-5, 113, 179 in Imamism, 86n71 informal, 23, 65, 87, 156, 178-9 negative views of, 63, 94-5, 97-8, 99, 188 resurgence after the fourth/tenth century of, 88, 108-14, 135, 137, 140, 144 role of fathers or male guardians in, 126— 8, 130, 152-3, 164, 171 role of isnad lali in promoting, 152, 157, 176-7 as source of social capital, 114, 140, 156 and traditionalism, 148, 152, 191 to/from non -tnahram men, 24-5, 33-4, 40-1,69,72, 75, 114,177-8 see also hadith transmission women’s religious participation advocacy of by Sunni lulama\ 133-4, 135, 136-8, 140 conflicting narratives of, 2, 191-2 danger of anachronistic interpretations of, 18 decline after early decades in, 105-6, 191-2 in modern period, 17—18, 194-7 in Mu'tazilism, 8 in other fields relative to hadith , 90, 126, 131-2, 179, 181-4 in other religious traditions, 193-4 in Shafi'ism vs. other madhhabs , 141-3 Ya'la b. Hakim, 64 Yaqut al-HamawI, 158 Yaqut al-Musta'siml, 158 Zadeh, Travis, 136n89 Zaman, Muhammad Qasim, 6, 139n96 al-Zarkashl, 28, 34n50 Zaynab bint Abl Salama al-Makhzumiyya, 66, 79n56, 84, 100, 103 Zaynab bint ‘All b. Abl Talib, 86n68 Zaynab bint cAlI b. Muhammad b. cAbd alBar’am, 174 Zaynab bint Jahsh, 25n20, 35, 39, 40, 41 Zaynab bint al-Kamal, 1—2, 145, 163-9, 171-2, 192 Zaynab bint Muhammad, 181 Zaynab bint Sulayman b. 'All b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas, 90n81 Zaynab bint al-Wasitl, 170 Zaynab bint Yahya, 171-2 al-Zaynabi, Tirad b. Muhammad, 153-4, 159n41 al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam, 38, 48-9 al-Zuhri, Ibn Shihab, 27, 63, 67, 85n64, 94-5