The Book of Purification (5) : The Ruling on Used Water | Fiqh Muyassar in English (12)



أولاً: كتاب الطهارة

ويشتمل على عشرة أبواب

First: The Book of Purification

Article The Book of Purification is Part of Category Fiqh Muyassar in English

This includes ten chapters.

المسألة السادسة: أَسْاَر الآدميين وبهيمة الأنعام

Chapter Six: The Ruling on Leftover Water from Humans and Domestic Animals

Translated by : Reza Ervani bin Asmanu

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السُّؤر: هو ما بقي في الإناء بعد شرب الشارب منه، فالآدمي طاهر، وسؤره طاهر، سواء كان مسلماً أو كافراً، وكذلك الجنب والحائض، وقد ثبت أن رسول الله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – قال: 

Leftover Water (As-Su’r) : It refers to the remaining water in a container after someone drinks from it. Humans are pure, and thus their leftover water is also pure, whether the person is a Muslim or a non-Muslim, including those in a state of major impurity (junub) or menstruation (haidh).

It is narrated that the Messenger of Allah e said:

(المؤمن لا ينجس)

“A believer does not become impure.” 1

. وعن عائشة: أنها كانت تشرب من الإناء وهي حائض، فيأخذه رسول الله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، فيضع فاه على موضع فيها 

Additionally, it is narrated from ‘Aishah – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا – that she used to drink from a container while in menstruation, and the Messenger of Allah – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – would take the container, place his lips on the same spot she had drunk from, and drink.
2

Leftover Water from Edible Animals :

وقد أجمع العلماء على طهارة سؤر ما يؤكل لحمه من بهيمة الأنعام وغيرها.

Scholars unanimously agree that the leftover water of animals whose meat is lawful to eat (e.g., domestic animals and other halal animals) is pure.

أما ما لا يؤكل لحمه كالسباع والحمر وغيرها فالصحيح: أن سؤرها طاهر، ولا يؤثر في الماء، وبخاصة إذا كان الماء كثيراً.

Leftover Water from Non-Edible Animals : For animals whose meat is not lawful to eat, such as wild beasts and donkeys, the most correct opinion is :

  • If the water is abundant (more than two qullah), their leftover water remains pure and does not affect the water.

أما إذا كان الماء قليلاً وتغيَّر بسبب شربها منه، فإنه ينجس.

  • However, if the water is limited (less than two qullah) and it changes due to their drinking, it becomes impure.

ودليل ذلك: الحديث السابق، وفيه: أنه – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – سُئل عن الماء، وما ينوبه من الدواب والسباع، فقال: 

The evidence for this includes the previous hadith, wherein the Prophet – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – was asked about water in a pond or basin visited by animals and beasts. He replied:

(إذا بلغ الماء قلتين لم يحمل الخبث)، 

“If the water reaches two qullah, it will not carry impurity.” 3

وقوله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – في الهرة وقد شربت من الإناء:

Regarding household cats drinking from a container, the Prophet – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – said:

(إنها ليست بنجس، إنما هي من الطوافين عليكم والطوافات)

“It is not impure. It is one of those who go around among you (freely).” 4

ولأنه يشق التحرز منها في الغالب. فلو قلنا بنجاسة سؤرها، ووجوب غسل الأشياء، لكان في ذلك مشقة، وهي مرفوعة عن هذه الأمة.

Due to the difficulty of avoiding cats entirely, declaring their leftover water impure and requiring its cleansing would impose undue hardship, which has been lifted from this ummah.

أما سؤر الكلب فإنه نجس، وكذلك الخنزير.

Leftover Water from Dogs and Pigs :

أما الكلب: فعن أبي هريرة – رضي الله عنه – أن رسول الله – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – قال

Dogs: Narrated from Abu Hurairah – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ – that the Messenger of Allah – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – said:

(طهور إناء أحدكم إذا وَلَغَ فيه الكلب، أن يغسله سبع مرات، أولاهن بالتراب)

“The purification of a container that a dog has licked is to wash it seven times, the first of which should be with soil.” 5

وأما الخنزير: فلنجاسته، وخبثه، وقذارته، قال الله تعالى:

Pigs: Their leftover water is impure due to their inherent impurity, filth, and uncleanness, as Allah says:

(فَإِنَّهُ رِجْسٌ) [الأنعام: 145].

“Indeed, it is impure.” [Surah Al-An’am: 145]

Allahu Ta’ala ‘A’lam

Catatan Kaki

  1. Narrated by Imam Muslim, Hadith No. 371
  2. Narrated by Imam Muslim, Hadith No. 300
  3. Narrated by Imam Ahmad (2/27), Abu Dawud (Kitab At-Taharah, Hadith No. 63), At-Tirmidhi (Kitab At-Taharah, Hadith No. 67), An-Nasa’i (Kitab At-Taharah, Hadith No. 52), and Ibn Majah (Kitab At-Taharah, Hadith No. 517)
  4. Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud (Kitab At-Taharah), and At-Tirmidhi (Kitab At-Taharah). At-Tirmidhi graded it as Hasan Sahih.
  5. Muttafaq ‘alaih: Narrated by Imam Bukhari, Hadith No. 172, and Imam Muslim, Hadith No. 91. The wording here is from Muslim.


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