تفسير قوله تعالى: (وما قتلوه وما صلبوه ولكن شبه لهم)
Tafsir of Allah’s Statement: (And they did not kill him nor did they crucify him, but it was made to appear so to them) (Part Two)
Translated by: Reza Ervani
This article on the Tafsir of Surah An-Nisaa verse 157 is included in the Christology Category
وقيل في معنى شبه لهم: إن اليهود لما قصدوا عيسى -عليه السلام- ليقتلوه رفعه الله تعالى إلى السماء، فخاف رؤساء اليهود من وقوع الفتنة من عوامهم فأخذوا إنساناً وقتلوه وصلبوه، ولبسوا على الناس أنه المسيح، والناس ما كانوا يعرفون المسيح إلا بالاسم، لأنه كان قليل المخالطة للناس.
It was also said regarding the meaning of “it was made to appear so to them”: when the Jews intended to kill Isa, peace be upon him, Allah raised him to the heavens. The Jewish leaders feared the unrest of the common people, so they seized a man, killed him, and crucified him, deceiving the people by claiming that he was the Messiah. Yet the people did not know Isa except by name, as he rarely mingled with them.
وقد ذكر هذه الوجوه الرازي في تفسيره. ولذلك قال تعالى: (وما قتلوه يقينا) أي وما قتلوه وهم على يقين بأن المقتول هو المسيح -عليه السلام-، بل كانوا شاكين في ذلك. وقد أخبر الله تعالى محمداً -عليه الصلاة والسلام- بأنهم لم يقتلوه حقيقة، بل رفعه الله تعالى إليه.
These explanations were mentioned by Ar-Razi in his tafsir. Therefore, Allah said: “And they did not kill him with certainty.” Meaning: they did not kill Isa with certainty that the one killed was truly the Messiah, peace be upon him, rather they were doubtful about it. Allah the Exalted informed Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, that they did not actually kill him, but Allah raised Isa to Himself.
والذين اختلفوا في عيسى هم اليهود والنصارى معا، وذلك أن اليهود لما قتلوا الشخص المشبه به كان الشبه على وجهه، ولم يلق عليه شبه جسد عيسى، فلما قتلوه ونظروا إلى بدنه قالوا: الوجه وجه عيسى والجسد جسد غيره.
Those who differed concerning Isa were both the Jews and the Christians. This is because when the Jews killed the one made to resemble him, the likeness was on his face but not his body. When they killed him and looked at his body, they said: “The face is the face of Isa, but the body is the body of someone else.”
وقال السدي: إن اليهود حبسوا عيسى مع عشرة من الحواريين في بيت، فدخل عليه رجل من اليهود ليخرجه ويقتله، فألقى الله شبه عيسى عليه السلام على ذلك الرجل ورفع إلى السماء، فأخذوا ذلك الرجل وقتلوه على أنه عيسى عليه السلام، ثم قالوا إن كان هذا عيسى فأين صاحبنا، وإن كان صاحبنا فأين عيسى؟ فذلك اختلافهم فيه. اهـ.
As-Suddi said: the Jews confined Isa with ten of his disciples in a house. Then one of the Jews entered to seize and kill him. Allah cast Isa’s likeness upon that man, while Isa was raised to the heavens. They then seized that man, killed him, and crucified him as if he were Isa. Afterwards they said: “If this is Isa, then where is our companion? And if this is our companion, then where is Isa?” That was their difference concerning him.
والنصارى كذلك مختلفون، مع اتفاقهم على قتله إلا طائفة قليلة منهم. فقال بعضهم: إن المسيح صلب من جهة ناسوته لا من جهة لاهوته. وقال بعضهم: وقع الصلب والقتل على عيسى من جهة ناسوته ولاهوته.
The Christians too differed, though they mostly agreed he was killed, except for a small minority among them. Some said: the crucifixion occurred with respect to his human nature (nasut), not his divine nature (lahut). Others said: the crucifixion and killing occurred to Isa in both his human and divine natures.
وقيل: وصل إلى اللاهوت بالإحساس والشعور لا بالمباشرة. وقالت طائفة: القتل والصلب وقعا بالمسيح الذي هو جوهر متولد من جوهرين. وكلهم قد كذب بالحق، واتبع ظنه وهواه:
It was also said: what reached the divine nature was only feeling and sensation, not direct impact. Another group said: the killing and crucifixion befell the Messiah, who is an essence born of two essences. But all of them denied the truth and followed only conjecture and their desires. Allah said:
مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا * بَلْ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا [النساء: ١٥٧-١٥٨].
“They have no knowledge of it except following assumption, and they did not kill him for certain. Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And Allah is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.” (Surah An-Nisa: 157-158).
وقبل قيام الساعة ينزل عيسى -عليه السلام- حكماً عدلاً يحكم بشريعة الإسلام، قال صلى الله عليه وسلم:
Before the Hour is established, Isa, peace be upon him, will descend as a just judge, ruling according to the Shari’ah of Islam. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
والذي نفس بيده ليوشكن أن ينزل فيكم ابن مريم حكماً عدلاً، فيكسر الصليب، ويقتل الخنزير، ويضع الجزية، ويفيض المال حتى لا يقبله أحد. متفق عليه،
“By the One in Whose hand is my soul, the son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just judge. He will break the cross, kill the pig, abolish the jizyah, and wealth will overflow until no one will accept it.” (Agreed upon).
وعن أبي هريرة -رضي الله عنه- قال: قال رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم-:
Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
ليس بيني وبينه نبي ـ يعني عيسى عليه السلام ـ وإنه نازل، فإذا رأيتموه فاعرفوه: رجل مربوع إلى الحمرة والبياض بين ممصرتين، كأن رأسه يقطر وإن لم يصبه بلل، فيقاتل الناس على الإسلام، فيدق الصليب، ويقتل الخنزير، ويضع الجزية، ويهلك الله في زمانه الملل كلها إلا الإسلام، ويهلك المسيح الدجال، فيمكث في الأرض أربعين سنة ثم يتوفى فيصلي عليه المسلمون. رواه أبو داود.
“There is no prophet between me and him — meaning Isa, peace be upon him — and indeed he will descend. When you see him, recognize him: he is a man of medium build, reddish-white complexion, wearing two garments dyed with saffron, as if his head is dripping though not wet. He will fight the people for Islam, break the cross, kill the pig, abolish the jizyah. Allah will destroy all religions in his time except Islam, and he will kill the false Messiah. He will remain on earth for forty years, then he will die and the Muslims will pray over him.” (Hadith narrated by Imam Abu Dawud).
والله أعلم.
And Allah knows best.
Alhamdulillah, this completes the 2-part article series
Source: IslamWeb
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