Al-Lum’ah (Radiance) in Explaining Attributes of the Seven (1)

ضمن جولة في صحيح مسلم: اللمعة في بيان صفات السبعة

A Journey Through Sahih Muslim:

Al-Lum’ah (The Radiance) in Explaining the Attributes of the Seven (Part 1)

Translated by: Reza Ervani bin Asmanu

The article Al-Lum’ah (Radiance) in Explaining Attributes of the Seven is included in the Hadith Explanation Category

الحمد لله الذي منَّ على عباده بكثير من العطايا والهبات، فلا زال – سبحانه – بمنِّه وكرمه يعطي عطاءه الذي لا ينفد عطاءً غير مَجْذُوذ، والصلاة والسلام على خير من فسَّر تلك العطايا وحثَّ عليها، محمد بن عبدالله – عليه أفضل صلاة وأتم تسليم.

All praise is due to Allah, who has bestowed upon His servants many gifts and favors. He—Exalted is He—continues with His grace and generosity to give His bounty that never runs out, a gift that is never cut off. Peace and blessings be upon the best of those who explained those gifts and encouraged them, Muhammad bin Abdullah—may the best of prayers and the most complete salutation be upon him.

وبعد:

Amma ba’du:

فيا أخي القارئ، حينما تقلِّب ناظريك في ربوع سُنة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم تجد فيها كنوزًا وعطايا عظيمة، والنفسُ تشتهي، لكن لا ينال الخيرَ كلُّ مدَّعٍ؛ لأن المدَّعي لا بد له من بيِّنة،

O my brother reader, when you turn your eyes to the realms of the Sunnah of Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, you will find treasures and great gifts. The soul desires them, but goodness is not attained by every claimant; for a claimant must have proof.

فمن ادَّعى محبته للسنة، وإرادته لنيل العطايا، لا بد له من بيِّنة الاتباع، ومن أكثر الأحاديث شهرةً في هذا المجال، وأعظمِها ثمرةً – كما ذكر ابن عبدالبر – حديثُ السبعة الذين يُظلُّهم الله في ظله يوم لا ظل إلا ظلُّه، انتقيتُه مما أطالعه وأنظر في شروحه أثناء شرح صحيح مسلم،

Whoever claims to love the Sunnah and desires to attain its gifts must have the proof of “mutaba’ah” (following). Among the most famous hadiths in this field, and the greatest in fruit—as mentioned by Ibn Abdil Barr—is the hadith of the seven whom Allah will shade in His shade on the day when there is no shade except His shade. I have selected it from what I read and looked into its explanations while explaining Sahih Muslim.

فإليك الحديثَ – أخي المبارك – بما يسَّر الله لي فيه من توضيح وبيان، وإني أرجو الله – تعالى – أن يجعلني وإياك من أهل هذا الحديث، إنه جواد كريم.

So, here is the hadith—O blessed brother—with the clarification and explanation that Allah has made easy for me. I ask Allah Ta’ala to make me and you among the people of this hadith; indeed, He is Generous and Noble.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النبيِّ، قَالَ:

From Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, he said:

سَبْعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لاَ ظِلَّ إِلاَّ ظِلُّهُ: الإِمَامُ العَادِلُ، وَشَابٌّ نَشَأَ بِعِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ، وَرَجُلٌ قَلْبُهُ مُعَلَّقٌ فِي المَسَاجِدِ، وَرَجُلاَنِ تَحَابَّا فِي اللَّهِ، اجْتَمَعَا عَلَيْهِ وَتَفَرَّقَا عَلَيْهِ، وَرَجُلٌ دَعَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ ذَاتُ مَنْصِبٍ وَجَمَالٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ، وَرَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ فَأَخْفَاهَا حَتَّى لاَ تَعْلَمَ يَمِينُهُ مَا تُنْفِقُ شِمَالُهُ، وَرَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ خَالِيًا، فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ

“Seven whom Allah will shade in His shade on the day when there is no shade except His shade: (1) A just ruler, (2) a youth who grew up in the worship of Allah, (3) a man whose heart is attached to the mosques, (4) two people who love each other for the sake of Allah, meeting for His sake and parting for His sake, (5) a man who is invited by a woman of high status and beauty and he says: ‘Indeed, I fear Allah’, (6) a person who gives charity and hides it so that his left hand does not know what his right hand has spent, and (7) a person who remembers Allah in solitude and his eyes overflow with tears.”

وفي رواية البخاري: حتى لا تَعلمَ شِمالُهُ ما تُنفِقُ يمينُهُ

In the narration of Bukhari: “…so that his left hand does not know what his right hand has spent.”

وفي رواية لمسلم: وَرَجُلٌ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالمَسْجِدِ، إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَعُودَ إِلَيْهِ

In a narration of Muslim: “…and a man who is attached to the mosque, from when he leaves it until he returns to it.”

تخريج الحديث:

Takhrij of the hadith:

الحديث أخرجه مسلم في (كتاب الزكاة)، (باب فضل إخفاء الصدقة)، حديث (1031)، وأخرجه البخاري في (كتاب الأذان)، (باب من جلس في المسجد ينتظر الصلاة وفضل المساجد)، حديث (660)، وأخرجه الترمذي في (كتاب الزهد)، (باب ما جاء في الحب في الله)، حديث (2391).

This hadith was narrated by Muslim in (The Book of Zakat), (Chapter: The Virtue of Hiding Charity), hadith (1031). It was also narrated by Bukhari in (The Book of Adhan), (Chapter: Those who sit in the mosque waiting for prayer and the virtue of mosques), hadith (660). And narrated by Tirmidhi in (The Book of Asceticism), (Chapter: What has been narrated regarding loving for the sake of Allah), hadith (2391).

شرح ألفاظ الحديث:

Explanation of the Hadith Vocabulary:

سبعةٌ يظلهم الله – أي: سبعة أصناف، وليس سبعةَ أشخاص، وأيضًا حصرُهم بهذا العدد ليس مرادًا؛ بل ورد غير الأصناف الواردة في الحديث ممن يظلهم الله بظله، وسيأتي بيان ذلك – بإذن الله تعالى.

“Seven whom Allah shades”: Meaning seven categories, not seven individuals. Furthermore, restricting them to this number is not intended; rather, categories other than those mentioned in the hadith have been reported as being shaded by Allah in His shade, and the explanation for that will come—Allah Ta’ala willing.

يظلهم الله في ظله : الظل: فلان في ظل فلان، أو في ظل الملك؛ أي: في كرامته وحمايته، وأما الظل في الأحاديث، فإنه على ضربين، سيأتي بيانهما – بإذن الله تعالى –

“Allah shades them in His shade”: The shade: Someone is in the shade of so-and-so, or in the shade of the king; meaning: in his honor and protection. As for the shade in the hadiths, it is of two types, the explanation of which will come—Allah Ta’ala willing.

وأما إضافة الظل لله – تعالى – في حديث الباب، فهي إضافة تشريف، كبيت الله، وناقة الله، وهو ظل يكون لمن منَّ الله عليهم من الأصناف الداخلة تحت هذا الفضل، فيقيهم من حَرِّ الشمس ووهجها، في يوم لا يملك أحدٌ الظلَّ إلا الله – جل في علاه –

As for attributing the shade to Allah—Exalted is He—in this specific hadith, it is an attribution of honor (idhafat tasyrif), like “Baitullah” (House of Allah) and “Naqatullah” (She-camel of Allah). It is a shade intended for those whom Allah has favored among the categories included in this virtue, protecting them from the heat of the sun and its glare, on a day when no one possesses shade except Allah Jalla fi ‘Ulah.

وهو ظل حقيقي لا معنوي كمن يقول: في ظله؛ أي: في حمايته وكنفه؛ بل هو حقيقي، وجاء في “سنن سعيد بن منصور” من حديث سلمان تقييدًا لهذا الظل الوارد في الحديث بظل العرش: ((يظلهم الله في ظل عرشه)).

It is a physical (haqiqi) shade, not a metaphorical (ma’nawi) one, as some say it means: in His protection and care; rather, it is physical. It appears in “Sunan Sa’id bin Manshur” from the hadith of Salman as a restriction for the shade mentioned in the hadith to be the Shade of the Throne: “Allah shades them in the shade of His Throne.”

قال ابن حجر: إسناده حسن، وسيأتي بيان ذلك.

Ibn Hajar said: “Its chain of narration is good (hasan),” and its explanation will come.

Continued in the next part, In Sha Allah

Source: Alukah